Exaggeration, drama, and histrionics are very much the rule of thumb in
the ER. Someone comes in and claims they were stabbed with an
eight-inch butcher's knife, and the police later bring in the actual
weapon, and it turns out to be a three-inch penknife. Someone claims
to have taken a whole bottle of Tylenol, but their serum levels turn
out to be nowhere near the toxic level (or even zero). A patient
reports to you that their last pneumonia was so bad their doctor didn't
think they'd pull through, but you check the records and see they
weren't even in the ICU. (The sole exception to this rule, of course,
is the stated alcohol intake, which is usually about half to a third
the actual alcohol intake.)
I'm not a nihilist here. Some
people are accurate historians, and some even minimize their issues.
As an ER doc, you never know, so take each case at face value and do
whatever is reasonable and prudent to validate or refute the critical
facts. But it is fair to say that the more anxious/dramatic the
historian, the more inclined I am to take their version of events with
a grain of salt. "Trust, but verify," is the saying.
So it was
when I saw a kid recently for a complaint of a head injury. They had
been triaged as a "green," for low acuity, and had been waiting
patiently on a hallway gurney for over an hour before I got to them.
The dad who told me the story was absolutely beside himself. He was
sobbing and full of remorse. He'd walked away from the changing table
for just a second, and the nine-month old had tumbled right off. It
could happen to anybody. He hit his head on something, dad wasn't sure
what, and had a huge dent in his head and (the father wept) it was "all
my fault."
Looking at the child, sitting happily on the mother's
lap industriously trying to cram as many Cheerios as he could fit in
his little hands into his mouth, I was skeptical. More reassuring was
the mother's complete lack of apparent concern. She was laughing as
she played with the baby and seemed to think that it was silly of them
even to have come to the ER. The rest of the history was also
reassuring. There was no loss of consciousness, immediate crying,
normal activity since, no vomiting, and a perfectly well-appearing
kid. I kind of doubted he would even need a CT scan.
But I
could see the "goose egg" or cephalohematoma sticking out of the right
parietal area, so I figured a CT scan was in the cards. I didn't know
what to make of the reported dent, but sometimes the center of a
hematoma can seem kinda spongy, so maybe that was what he meant. I
knew it simply couldn't be anything serious, though. A true "dent" in
the skull, also known as a ,
is a terrible thing highly associated with epidural bleeding and severe
brain injury, and not consistent with this happy kid eating cereal.
Kids tend to do even worse than adults with these injuries because
their heads are so tight and prone to increased intracranial pressure.
With
a sigh, having completed a normal neuro exam, I went to look at the
"dent" in the head. I palpated the rim of the hematoma and it all felt
as it should. As my fingers worked into the center, though, I realized
to my horror that it really was dented in. And not by a small amount.
I checked a couple of times to be sure, then calmly excused myself and
called the CT scanner to let them know that this kid was now #1 on
their priority list.
Here is his CT; I've helpfully pointed out the abnormality in case you couldn't see it.
Remarkably, his brain was fine. No bleeding, no bruising, not even much in the way of edema, or swelling of the brain directly under the fracture:
We attributed this to the location; the fracture was quite high on the skull, which is an unusual place. There are not so many blood vessels in the area to bleed. And since he hit with very little force, there was little direct mechanical injury to the brain tissue from this low-energy impact. It just doesn't take much to break a baby skull.
So there you have it. The kid did fine, and the moral of the story, if there is one, is that no matter how improbable the story you are told may seem, you always have to take the patient's tale at face value, because sometimes they really are right.
Also, don't drop your baby on his head. That's a good point to draw from this also. But you probably already knew that.